Advances in Hepatology
نویسنده
چکیده
JB The gut microbiota are comprised of countless millions of microorganisms that live inside the human digestive tract, all the way from the mouth to the anus. These microorganisms are essential for human survival and have many nutritive and nonnutritive functions. For example, the gut microbiota synthesize nutrients into forms that the body can absorb; produce short-chain fatty acids, which are nutritive to the gut epithelium; and stimulate the local gut immunity. Humans and the gut microbiota have co-evolved over several centuries to the point that each benefits from the other. The gut microbiota can be comprised of various phyla, namely Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria, among others. However, most of a healthy adult’s stool has mainly Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Proteobacteria typically make up 2% to 3% of a healthy microbiota, and the other phyla are even less.
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تاریخ انتشار 2015